B Cells in Patients With Melanoma: Implications for Treatment With Checkpoint Inhibitor Antibodies

The contributions of the humoral immune response to melanoma are now widely recognized, with reports positive prognostic value ascribed tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-B) and increasing evidence as key predictors patient treatment. There disparate views pro- anti-tumor roles cells. appear play an integral role in forming tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) which can further modulate T cell activation. Expressed antibodies may distinctly influence tumor regulation microenvironment, some isotypes associated strong others progressive disease. Recently, have been evaluated context cancer immunotherapy. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), targeting effector functions, revolutionized management for many patients; however, there remains a need accurately predict treatment responders. Increasing suggests that not be simple bystanders CPI Mature differentiated phenotypes correlates response. Recent also points enrichment activatory phenotypes, contribution TLS formation facilitate induction required CPI. Contrastingly, specific subsets often correlate immune-related adverse events (irAEs) With increased appreciation multifaceted immunity, novel therapeutic strategies biomarkers explored translated into clinic optimize immunotherapy melanoma.